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He has been personally credited with returning to the flute the popularity as a solo classical instrument it had not held since the 1. BiographyeditEarly yearseditBorn in Marseille,nb 1 the only child of Andre ne Roggero and flautist Joseph Rampal, Jean Pierre Rampal became the first exponent of the solo flute in modern times to establish it on the international concert circuit, and to attract acclaim and large audiences comparable to those enjoyed by celebrity singers, pianists, and violinists. As it was unusual for solo flute to be featured widely in orchestral concerts, this was not easily done in the immediate years after World War II however, Rampals flair and presencehe was a big man to wield such a slim instrumentpaved the way for the next generation of flautist superstars such as James Galway and Emmanuel Pahud. Rampal was a player in the classical French flute tradition, although behind his superior technical facility lay the cavalier Latin temperament of the Mediterranean south, rather than the more formal character of the elite north Parisian institutions. His father was taught by Hennebains, who also taught Rene le Roy and Marcel Moyse. His playing style was characterised by a bright sound, a sonorous elegance of phrasing lit up by a rich palette of subtle tone colours. He exuded a dashing, lightly articulated virtuosity that thrilled audiences in his heyday, and his natural vibrato varied according to the emotion of the music he played. Additionally, Rampal was able to breathe in the middle of extended rapid passages without losing the sweep of his rendition. His upper register and wide dynamic range were particularly notable, as was the lightness and crispness of his staccato articulation his dtach heard on his early recordings. Rampal is best known for popularising the flute in the postWorld War II years, recovering a vast number of flute compositions from the Baroque era, and spurring contemporary composers, such as Francis Poulenc, to create new works that have become modern standards in the flautists repertoire. BeginningseditUnder the tutelage of his father, who was professor of flute at the Marseille Conservatoire and Principal Flute of the Marseille Symphony Orchestra, Rampal began playing the flute at the age of 1. He studied the Alts method at the Conservatoire, where he went on to win first prize in the schools annual flute competition in 1. This was also the year of his first public recital at the Salle Mazenod in Marseille. By then, Rampal was playing second flute alongside his father in the Orchestre des Concertes Classiques de Marseille privately, they played duets together almost every day. However, his remarkable career in musicwhich was to span more than half a centurybegan without the full encouragement of his parents. Rampals mother and father encouraged him to become a doctor or surgeon, as they felt those professions were more reliable than becoming a professional musician. At the beginning of the Second World War, Rampal duly entered medical school in Marseille, studying there for three years. In 1. 94. 3, authorities of the Nazi Occupation of France drafted him for forced labour in Germany. To avoid this, he fled to Paris, where it was easier to avoid detection, by frequently changing his lodgings. While in Paris, Rampal auditioned to study flute at the Paris Conservatoire, where he was taught by Gaston Crunelle from January 1. Years later, he succeeded Crunelle as flute professor at the Conservatoire. After just four months, Rampals performance of Jolivets Le chant de Linos won him the coveted first prize in the conservatorys annual flute competition, an achievement that emulated that of his father Joseph in 1. Post war successeditIn 1. Paris, Rampal was invited by the composer Henri Tomasithen conductor of the Orchestre National de Franceto perform the demanding Flute Concerto by Jacques Ibert, written for Marcel Moyse in 1. French National Radio. It launched his concert career overnight and was the first of many such broadcasts. In promoting the flute as a solo concert instrument at this time, Rampal acknowledged that he took his cue from Moyse. Moyse himself had enjoyed considerable popularity between the wars, although not on a truly international scale. Nevertheless, he was a role model in that he had definitely established a tradition for the solo flute Moyse, Rampal said, unlocked a door that I continued to push open. With the war over, Rampal embarked on a series of performances at first, within France and then, in 1. Switzerland, Austria, Italy, Spain, and the Netherlands. Almost from the beginning, he was accompanied by pianist and harpsichordist Robert Veyron Lacroix, whom he had met at the Paris Conservatoire in 1. By contrast with, as Rampal saw it, his own somewhat emotional Provenal temperament, Veyron Lacroix was a more refined character a true upper class Parisian, but each immediately found with the other a musical partnership in perfect balance. The appearance of this duo after the war has been described as a complete novelty, allowing them to make a rapid impact on the music going public in France and elsewhere. In March 1. Salle Gaveau in Paris to perform what then seemed the radical idea of a recital programme made up solely of chamber music for flute. It was one of the first flutepiano recitals the city had seen, and caused a sensation. The success encouraged Rampal to continue along that track. The recital was repeated the following year in Paris, and news of the young flute players virtuosity spread. Throughout the early 1. France and elsewhere in Europe. Their first international tour came in 1. Indonesia where ex pat audiences received them warmly. From 1. 95. 4 onwards came his first concerts in eastern Europemost significantly in Prague, where he premiered Jindrich Felds Flute Concerto in 1. In the same year, he appeared in Canadawhere, at the Menton festival, he played for the first time in concert with violinist Isaac Stern, who not only became a lifelong friend but also proved a considerable influence on Rampals own approach to musical expression. By now, Rampal had America in his sights, and on 1. February 1. 95. 8 he and Veyron Lacroix made their US debut with a recital of Poulenc, Bach, Mozart, Beethoven, and Prokofiev in Washington, D. C. at the Library of Congress. Afterwards, Day Thorpe, music critic for the Washington Star, wrote Although I have heard many great flute players, the magic of Rampal still seems to be unique. In his hands, the flute is three or four music makers dark and ominous, bright and pastoral, gay and salty, amorous and limpid. The virtuosity of the technique in rapid passages simply cannot be indicated in words. In 1. 95. 9, Rampal gave his first important concert in New York City, at the Town Hall. Rampals successful partnership with Veyron Lacroix produced many award winning recordings, notably their 1. LP of the complete Bach flute sonatas. They performed and toured together for some 3. Veyron Lacroix was forced to retire owing to ill health. Rampal then formed a new and also long running musical partnership with American pianist John Steele Ritter. Even as he pursued his career as a soloist, Rampal remained a dedicated ensemble player throughout his life.